MAY-JUNE 2018 BROTHERHOOD OF ST. POIMEN
Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου
Παρασκευή 18 Μαΐου 2018
On Holy Scriptures. Source: “The Truth of Our Faith, Discourses from Holy Scripture on the Tenets of Christian Orthodoxy, ” by Elder Cleopa of Romania
On Holy Scriptures
Source: “The Truth of Our Faith, Discourses from Holy
Scripture on the Tenets of Christian Orthodoxy, ” by Elder Cleopa of Romania,
translated from Greek by Fr. Peter A. Heers, Uncut Mountain Press,
Thessaloniki, Greece (2000), pp. 45-51.
INQUIRER: What do we mean by the term Holy Scripture.?
ELDER CIEOPA: The term Holy Scripture denotes the sum
of holy books that were written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit within
a time period of close to 1,500 years, namely, from Moses (some 1,400 years
before Christ), until the writer of the Apocalypse (Revelations, Ed.), nearly
100 years after Christ.
INQ: Why don’t the bishops and priests sanction
Christians, who are members of the Church, to interpret and preach publicly the
word of God from the Scriptures?
EC: Each Christian has the need to read Holy Scripture
yet each Christian does not also have the authority or abilin to teach and
interpret the words of Scripture. This privilegec authority is reserved for the
Church via its devout hoi; clergy and Orthodox theologians, men who are
instruct* in and knowledgeable of the true faith. When we conside how our Savior
gave the grace of teaching to His Hoi Apostles and not to the masses it is easy
for us to see th: the prerogative to teach is held only by the devout bishop
priests and theologians of our Church. It was the Apost: who were sent by
Christ to teach and to celebrate the Ho Mysteries (Sacraments).
Our holy Apostle Paul says: How shall they preach,
except they be sent?)Rom 10:15).
Accordingly, the bishops are the law* successors to the Apostles and those sent
for the preach-t to the people. Paul entrusts the heavy burden of the instruction
of the people to Timothy and not to the faithful I speaks of this elsewhere:
Are all apostles? Are all prophets all
teachers? (1 Cor 12:29). Again he says to Timothy the clergy must be apt to teach
others (2 Tim 2:24). He does not, however, say the same thing for the faithful.
He makes a distinction between shepherd and sheep, between teacher and those taught. Still, the teachers cannot teach
whatever n would like, but that which the Church teaches universally . They
teach in the name of the Church and of Christ.
Not everyone has the intellectual ability and the
requisite divine grace necessary to expound Holy Scripture correctly.
The Apostle Peter also says this in his second
epistle, referring to the epistles of the Apostle Paul. He says the following:
There are some things in them hard to understand, which the ignorant and
unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures. (2
Pet 3:16).
INQ: Some say that it is not right that members of the
Church don’t have the right to interpret and expound upon Scripture. As this
excerpt says, each Christian knows how to render Holy Scripture: But ye have anunction
from the Holy One, and ye know all things (1 Jn 2:20) and the anointing which
ye have received of him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man teach you.
(1 Jn 2:27).
EC: Holy Scripture is like a very deep well wherein is
comprised the infinite wisdom of God. If someone thirsty dives into this well
to drink of all its water, he will be drowned within. If, however, he will
fetch the water with a bucket and from there will drink with a cup, then there
is no fear of being engulfed.
What man is so crazed as to wish to plunge into such
an abyss of water without knowing how to swim?
Holy Scripture, according to the Fathers, is bone and
no one will venture with teeth fit for milk to break the strong bones of Holy
Scripture—for those teeth will be crushed.
Have you read in Scripture about the eunuch of
Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians? He was reading the Prophet Isaiah when the
Apostle Philip asked him if he understood that which he read, to which he
replied: How can I except some man should guide me? (Acts 8:31).
You realize also that the word unction, or anointing
that you mentioned above means the effusion of the Holy Spirit in the Mystery
of Holy Chrism, directly after Baptism.
The phrase you know all things signifies everything
that contains Christian truth and salvation, as well as everything that is
related to the antichrist and his adherents, to whom the subsequent verse of
the epistle of the holy John the Theologian refers. One must not, therefore,
teach according to one’s own understanding and perception, for one will surely
be deceived.
INQ: All the same, it is said that each Christian has
the right and obligation to read Holy Scripture on his own, as the Savior admonishes
us: You search the Scriptures, because you think that in them you have eternal
life; and it is they that bear witness of me. (Jn 5:39).
EC: Be careful, because many heretics of earlier eras
made bold to immerse themselves in the fathomless sea of Scrip-
ture and drowned spiritually, thus perishing together
with as many as followed them. They don’t have all the same spiritual maturity.
They are not all able to understand the mystery of Holy Scripture
Holy Scripture is understood and explained in three
ways:
(1) according
to its literal meaning, namely the nominal, grammatical, verbal and historical,
(2) allegorically or metaphorically, which is superior to the former, and (3)
spiritually.
According to the Holy Orthodox Fathers, the simplest
of senses to alight upon is the first meaning, according to the letter of
Scripture; to penetrate with discretion to the nature of Scripture requires
modest learning, while to explain the depth of the meanings of Scripture is of
the highest spiritual advancement and in need of the most divine grace. The
perfect wisdom of Scripture belongs, according to Saint Paul, to the perfect:
Howbeit we speak wisdom among them
that are perfect: yet not the wisdom of this world,
nor of the princes of this world, that come to nought. But we speak the wisdom
of God in a mystery, even the hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the
world unto our glory. (2 Cor 2:6-7).
INQ: There are those who contend that it is not
necessary for someone to have much learning to be able to understand the
teachings of Scripture, since to the unlearned He revealed the wisdom of these
teachings, just as the Savior says: I thank Thee, O Father, . . . because Thou
hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto
babes.hSAx. 11:25).
EC: Yes, God revealed His wisdom to those that were
known to be babes in wickedness but not in mindw and judgement. In other words,
He revealed His wisdom to those who, with respect to good works, were perfect
and had attained to the innocence of infants. That’s why Paul counsels the
Corinthians as follows: Brethren, be not children in understanding: howbeit in
malice be ye children, but in understanding be ye men. (1 Cor 14:20).
INQ: Yet, God rebuked the wisdom and knowledge of men,
as this passage indicates: I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will
bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. (Isa 29:14). Saint Paul also
says: Where is the wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the disputer of this
world? Hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? (1 Cor 1:20). Might
it not be that God is not able to give the wisdom of understanding the
Scriptures to certain people who are worldly-wise, as the Orthodox maintain?
EC: You should know that God does not condemn just any
wisdom and knowledge, but that which kills man spiritually. If He were to
censure every wisdom, He would have to reject also the wisdom of Solomon, the
wisdom of Joshua, son of Sirach, the wisdom of Christ the Savior, of the
Prophets and Apostles, to those whom He gave commandment to be wise as
serpents, and harmless doves. (Mt 10:16). Yet it isn’t like this to the least.
Hence, take care not to resemble those to whom the Savior said: You do err, not
knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God. (Mt 22:29).
INQ: Is Holy Scripture sufficient in order to guide
man to salvation?
EC: No, it is not sufficient to guide man to
salvation,w inasmuch as, firstly, it wasn’t given to man from the beginning
and, secondly, when it was given it wasn’t the only authentic text, with regard
to the salvation of human souls, because before it there was the Holy
Tradition. Many years before Moses began writing the first books of the Old
Testament, there was sacred piety in the community of the people of Israel.
Similarly, the books of the New Testament began to be written ten years after
the formal foundation of the Church, which took place on the day of Pentecost.
The Church chose and sealed as inspired by God the books of the two Testaments
over one hundred years later.131 These then comprised the declared Canon of the
books of Holy Scripture. Thereafter the Church maintained this Canon of Truth,
inasmuch as it is the very pillar and ground of truth. The Holy Spirit operates
within all of this for the preservation of the truth about salvation. Where the
Church is, says Saint Jerome, there also is the Spirit of God and where the
Spirit of God is, there also is the Church and all grace—since the Spirit is
truth.
[1] νους νοος νουν : mind, thought, reason; attitude,
intention, purpose; understanding, discernment: The English word that best
conveys the meaning of the Greek word is probably the word mind, however, it
also has other meanings as well. The Holy Fathers refer to the nous as the soul
(the “spiritual nature ’ of a man, St. Isaac the Syrian) and the heart (or the
“essence of the soul'). More particularly, it constitutes the innermost aspect
of the heart (St. Diadochos). Yet, it is also referred to as the “eye of the
soul’ (St. John of Damascus) or the “organ of theoria” (St. Macarius of Egypt)
which is “engaged in pure prayer' (St. Isaac the Syrian). In this book the
words mind and intellect have been used most often when rendering the Greek
word voug.
[2] “We
cannot assert that Scripture is self-sufficient; and this is not because it is
incomplete, or inexact, or has any defects, but because Scripture in its very
essence does not lay claim to self-sufficiency... If we declare Scripture to be
self-sufficient, we only expose it to subjective, arbitrary interpretation,
thus cutting it away from its sacred source. Scripture is given to us in
tradition. It is the vital, crystallizing center. The Church, as the Body of
Christ, stands mystically first and is fuller than Scripture. This does not
limit Scripture, or cast shadows on it. But truth is revealed to us not only
historically. Christ appeared and still appears before us not only in the
Scriptures; He unchangeably and unceasingly reveals Himself in the Church, in
His own Body. In the times of the early Christians the Gospels were not yet
written and could not be the sole source of knowledge. The Church acted
according to the spirit of the Gospel, and, what is more, the Gospel came to
life in the Church, in the Holy Eucharist. In the Christ of the Holy Eucharist
Christians learned to know the Christ of the Gospels, and so His image became
vivid to them.”
[3] By the
end of the first century... the Church possessed the four Gospels of Matthew,
Mark, Luke, and John. Although they were not perhaps as yet collected into one
volume, each had been accepted by the group of churches for which it was
written. Very soon afterward they were combined in one quadripartite Gospel,
and in the middle of the second century the Christian apologist Tatian composed
the first harmony, or code, of the Gospels. . . The appearance o: the New
Testament in the Church as a book, as Scripture was therefore not a new factor,
but a record of the founding tradition. Just because it was identical with the
original Tradition as the Church already knew it, there appeared at firs: no
need of a canon, or precisely fixed list of accepted record of Scripture. In
fact, for the western Church it was not unt-419 AD at the Council of the 217
Blessed Fathers assembled. Catharge that the entire New Testament as we know it
toe; was irrevocably canonized (Canon XXIV).
MAY-JUNE 2018 BROTHERHOOD OF ST. POIMEN
MAY-JUNE 2018 BROTHERHOOD OF ST. POIMEN
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